Important Articles of Indian Constitution

Important Articles of Indian Constitution

Article	Importance
Article 12 –35	Specify the Fundamental Rights available
Article 36-50	Specify the Directive Principles of state policy
Article 51A	Specifies the Fundamental Duties of every citizen
Article 80	Specifies the number of seats for the Rajya Sabha
Article 81	Specifies the number of seats for the Lok Sabha
Article 343	Hindi as official language
Article 356	Imposition of President’s Rule in states
Article 368	Amendment to the Constitution
Article 370	Special status to Kashmir
Article 395	Repeals India Independence Act and Government of India Act, 1935

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Indian constitution

Indian constitution contains 395 articles in Parts I to XXII and 12 schedules.

Parts of Indian Constitution

Part	Subject	Articles
Part I	The Union and its territory	Art. 1 to 4
Part II	Citizenship	Art. 5 to 11
Part III	Fundamental Rights	Art. 12 to 35
Part IV	Directive Principles	Art. 36 to 51
Part IVA	Fundamental Duties	Art. 51A
Part V	The Union	Art. 52 to 151
Part VI	The States	Art. 152 to 237
Part VII	Repealed by Const. (7th Amendment) Act, 1956
Part VIII	The Union Territories	Art. 239 to 242
Part IX	The Panchayats	Art. 243 to 243O
Part IXA	The Muncipalities	Art. 243P to 243ZG
Part IXB	The Co-operative Societies	Art. 243ZH to 243ZT
Part X	The Scheduled and Tribal Areas	Art. 244 to 244A
Part XI	Relations between the Union and the States	Art. 245 to 263
Part XII	Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits	Art. 264 to 300A
Part XIII	Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India	Art. 301 to 307
Part XIV	Services under the Union and the States	Art. 308 to 323
Part XIVA	Tribunals	Art. 323A to 323B
Part XV	Elections	Art. 324 to 329A
Part XVI	Special provisions relating to certain classes	Art. 330 to 342
Part XVII	Official Language	Art. 343 to 351
Part XVIII	Emergency Provisions	Art. 352 to 360
Part XIX	Miscellaneous	Art. 361 to 367
Part XX	Amendment of the Constitution	Art. 368
Part XXI	Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions	Art. 369 to 392
Part XXII	Short title, commencement, authoritative text in Hindi and repeals	Art. 393 to 395

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SELF HELP GROUPS

                         SELF HELP GROUPS


A self help group is a voluntary association of the poor people (specially women) who belong to the same socio-economic background. It promotes small saving among its member, which are then kept with a bank. This common fund is then given a name.

Objective
• to built mutual trust and confidence between the bankers and the rural poor people.
• to meet the needs of poor by combining the flexibility, sensitivity and responsiveness of the informal credit system with the strength of technical and administrative capabilities and financial resources of the formal credit institution.
• to encourage banking activities, both on the thrift as well as credit sides, in a segment of the population that the formal financial institution usually finds difficult to cover.
Important Features
• Group functions by adopting democratic principles.
• Every member in the group actively participates in the functioning and they meet on regular basis.
• Loan is sanctioned on trust with less documentation and with no security.
• Quantum of loans are small, frequent and for short period.
• Repayments are always on time and there are very less defaulters.

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different types of checks

                                   Types of Cheque

1. Order Cheque: A cheque which is payable to a particular person or his order is called an order cheque.
2. Bearer Cheque: A cheque which is payable to a person whosoever bears, is called bearer cheque.
3. Blank Cheque: A cheque on which the drawer puts his signature and leaves all other columns blank is called a blank cheque.
4. Stale Cheque: The cheque which is more than six months old is a stale cheque.
5. Multilated Cheque: If a cheque is torn into two or more pieces, it is termed as mutilated cheque.
6. Post Dated Cheque: If a cheque bears a date later than the date of issue, it is termed as post dated cheque.
7. Open Cheque: A cheque which has not been crossed is called an open cheque. Even if a cheque is crossed and subsequently the drawer has cancelled the crossing at the request of the payee and affixes his full signature with the words “crossing cancelled pay cash”, it becomes an open cheque.
8. Crossed Cheque: A cheque which carries too parallel transverse lines across the face of the cheque with or without the words “I and co”, is said to be crossed.
9. Gift Cheques: Gift cheques are used for offering presentations on occasions like birthday, weddings and such other situations. It is available in various denominations.
10. Traveller’s Cheques: It is an instrument issued by a bank for remittance of money from one place to another.

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128 Keyboard Shortcuts (Windows)

128 Keyboard Shortcuts (Windows)

●The General Shortcuts

1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+X (Cut)
3. CTRL+V (Paste)
4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. Delete (Delete)
6. Shift+Delete (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
8. CTRL+Shift while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
12. CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
14. CTRL+Shift with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
15. Shift with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
16. CTRL+A (Select all)
17. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
18. Alt+Enter (View the properties for the selected item)
19. Alt+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
20. Alt+Enter (Display the properties of the selected object)
21. Alt+Spacebar (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
22. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
23. Alt+Tab (Switch between the open items)
24. Alt+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
25. F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
26. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
27. Shift+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
28. Alt+Spacebar (Display the System menu for the active window)
29. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
30. Alt+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
31. Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
32. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
33. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
34. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
35. F5 key (Update the active window)
36. Backspace (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
37. ESC (Cancel the current task)
38. Shift when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

●Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts

39. CTRL+Tab (Move forward through the tabs)
40. CTRL+Shift+Tab (Move backward through the tabs)
41. Tab (Move forward through the options)
42. Shift+Tab (Move backward through the options)
43. Alt+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
44. Enter (Perform the command for the active option or button)
45. Spacebar (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
46. Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
47. F1 key (Display Help)
48. F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
49. Backspace (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

●Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts

50. Win (Display or hide the Start menu)
51. Win+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
52. Win+D (Display the desktop)
53. Win+M (Minimize all of the windows)
54. Win+Shift+M (Restore the minimized windows)
55. Win+E (Open My Computer)
56. Win+F (Search for a file or a folder)
57. CTRL+Win+F (Search for computers)
58. Win+F1 (Display Windows Help)
59. Win+ L (Lock the keyboard)
60. Win+R (Open the Run dialog box)
61. Win+U (Open Utility Manager)

●Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
62. Right Shift for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
63. Left Alt+left Shift+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
64. Left Alt+left Shift+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
65. Shift five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
66. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
67. Win +U (Open Utility Manager)

●Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
68. END (Display the bottom of the active window)
69. HOME (Display the top of the active window)
70. NUM LOCK+* (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
71. NUM LOCK++ (Display the contents of the selected folder)
72. NUM LOCK+- (Collapse the selected folder)
73. LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
74. RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)

●Shortcut Keys For Character Map

75. After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
76. RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
77. LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
78. UP ARROW (Move up one row)
79. DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
80. PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
81. PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
82. HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
83. END (Move to the end of the line)
84. CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
85. CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
86. Spacebar (Switch between Enlarged and Nor mal mode when a character is selected)

●Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts

87. CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
88. CTRL+N (Open a new console)
89. CTRL+S (Save the open console)
90. CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
91. CTRL+W (Close window/tab)
92. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
93. Alt+Spacebar (Display the MMC window menu)
94. Alt+F4 (Close the console)
95. Alt+A (Display the Action menu)
96. Alt+V (Display the View menu)
97. Alt+F (Display the File menu)
98. Alt+O (Display the Favorites menu)

●MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts

99. CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
100. Alt+- (Display the window menu for the active console window)
101. Shift+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
102. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
103. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
104. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
105. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
106. Alt+Enter (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
107. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
108. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)

●Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

109. CTRL+Alt+END (Open the m*cro$oft Windows NT Security dialog box)
110. Alt+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
111. Alt+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
112. Alt+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
113. Alt+HOME (Display the Start menu)
114. CTRL+Alt+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
115. Alt+Delete (Display the Windows menu)
116. CTRL+Alt+- (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
117. CTRL+Alt++ (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing Alt+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

●Internet Explorer Navigation

118. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
119. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
120. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
121. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
122. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
123. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
124. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
125. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
126. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
127. CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
128. CTRL+W (Close the current window)

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COMPUTER RELATED FULL FORMS

COMPUTER RELATED FULL FORMS

* Wi Fi = Wireless Fidelity
* XML = Extensible Markup Language
* ARPANET = Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
* ASCII = American Standard Code For Information Interchange
* AVI = Audio Video Interleave
* RTS = Real Time Streaming
* BHTML = Broadcast Hyper Text Markup Language
* SIS = Symbian OS Installer File
* AMR = Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
* JAD = Java Application Descriptor
* JAR = Java Archive
* JAD = Java Application Descriptor
* 3GPP = 3rd Generation Partnership Project
* 3GP = 3rd Generation Project
* MP3 = MPEG player lll
* MP4 = MPEG-4 video file
* AAC = Advanced Audio Coding
* GIF = Graphic Interchangeable Format
* JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group
* BMP = Bitmap
* SWF = Shock Wave Flash
* WMV = Windows Media Video
* WMA = Windows Media Audio
* WAV = Waveform Audio
* PNG = Portable Network Graphics
* DOC = Document (Microsoft Corporation)
* PDF = Portable Document Format
* M3G = Mobile 3D Graphics
* M4A = MPEG-4 Audio File
* NTH = Nokia Theme (series 40)
* THM = Themes (SonyEricsson)
* MMF = Synthetic Music Mobile Application File
* NRT = Nokia Ringtone
* XMF = Extensible Music File

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Currencies of Different Countries

Currencies of Different Countries

1. Afghanistan — Afghan Afghani 
2. Albania — Albanian Lek 
3. Algeria — Algerian dinar 
4. Andorra — European euro 
5. Angola — Angolan Kwanza 
6. Anguilla — East Caribbean dollar 
7. Antigua and Barbuda — East Caribbean dollar 
8. Argentina — Argentine peso 
9. Armenia — Armenian dram 
10. Aruba — Aruban florin
11. Australia — Australian dollar
12. Austria — European euro
13. Azerbaijan — Azerbaijani Manat
14. Bahamas — Bahamian dollar
15. Bahrain — Bahraini Dinar
16. Bangladesh — Bangladeshi Taka
17. Barbados — Barbadian Dollar
18. Belarus — Belarusian ruble
19. Belgium — European Euro
20. Belize — Belize Dollar
21. Bhutan — Bhutanese Ngultrum
22. Bolivia — Bolivian Boliviano
23. Bosnia—Herzegovina — Bosnia and Herzegovina Konvertibilna Marka
24. Botswana — Botswana Pula
25. Brazil — Brazilian Real
26. Brunei — Brunei Dollar
27. Bulgaria — Bulgarian Lev
28. Burkina Faso — West African Franc
29. Burundi — Burundi Franc
30. Cambodia — Cambodian Riel
31. Cameroon — Central African franc
32. Canada — Canadian Dollar
33. Cape Verde — Cape Verdean Escudo
34. Cayman Islands — Cayman Islands Dollar
35. Central African Republic — Central African Franc
36. Chad — Central African franc
37. Chile — Chilean Peso
38. China — Chinese Renminbi
39. Colombia — Colombian Peso
40. Comoros — Comorian Franc
41. Congo — Central African Franc
42. Congo Democratic Republic — Congolese Franc
43. Costa Rica — Costa Rican Colon
44. Côte d'Ivoire — West African Franc
45. Croatia — Croatian Kuna
46. Cuba — Cuban Peso
47. Cyprus — European euro
48. Czech Republic — Czech Koruna
49. Denmark — Danish Krone
50. Djibouti — Djiboutian Franc
51. Dominica — East Caribbean Dollar
52. Dominican Republic — Dominican Peso

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